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INQUIRIES
INTO THE
ORIGIN AND PROGRESS
OF THE
SCIENCE
OF
HERALDRY IN ENGLAND
WITH
EXPLANATORY OBSERVATIONS ON ARMORIAL ENSIGNS,
BY
JAMES DALLAWAY, A.M.
OF
Trinity College Oxford, and Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries.
Gloucester
PRINTED BY R.RAIKES, FOR T.CADELL, IN THE STRAND, LONDON.
MDCCXCIII
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TO HIS GRACE
CHARLES DUKE OF NORFOLK,
AND
EARL MARSHALL OF ENGLAND.
MAY IT PLEASE YOUR GRACE,
THE permission I have obtained of offering
this volume to the publick under your Grace's
fanction, will continue to excite my utmost grati-
tude.
MUCH
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MUCH should I have to fear in submitting it to so
able a critick in the science of which you are the
hereditary patron, did I not hope, that candour
would respect the intention rather than the per-
formance.
THOSE writers, My Lord, in the last century,
who dedicated their works to your Grace's illustri-
ous ancestors and predecessors in office, insured to
themselves a lasting reputation; conscious of their
superior merit, I contend only for a higher sense of
such and obligation.
I have to the honour to be,
MY LORD,
Your Grace's most grateful
and obedient servant,
JAMES DALLAWAY.
Trinity College, Oxford,
July I, 1793.
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ARRANGEMENT AND ACCOUNT
OF THE
PLATES.
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CONTENTS.
SECT. I.
INTRODUCTION, p. 2. Heraldry not originating with the Egyp-
tians, p. 3. Roman Ensigns not analogous to modern heraldic
Figures, p. 3. Jewish Symbols, p. 4. Jewish Armouries, p. 6.
German Banners, the Origin of Hereditary Bearings, p. 6. Saxon
and Danish Ensigns, p. 7. Blazonry invented by the French, p. 8.
Tournaments in the Reign of Hugh Capet, p. 9. Pennons and Es-
cocheons, p. 10. Escocheons suspended by Hooks, p. 11. Indivi-
dual bearing of Arms peculiar to the Normans, p. 11. King Richard
1st, p. 12. Guidons and Pennons, p. 12. Drapeau Quareé, p. 12.
Seals, p. 14. Ordinance reflecting them, p. 14. Croisades A.D.
1095, p. 19. Oriflamme, p. 19, Ariosto's Catalogue of English
Knights, p. 20. English Croisades mentioned by Tasso, p. 23.
Spencer's red cross knight, p. 25. Arms invented in Palestine, p. 25.
Rolls of Arms, p. 26. Ancient Devices, p. 27. Escutage, p. 28.
Arms on Sepulchral Monuments, p. 30. Armorial Ensigns first in-
troduced into Churches, p. 31. Tabula Eliensis, p. 32. Bayeux
Tapestry, p. 33. Enamel, Painting in Distemper and Embroidery,
p. 35. Rolls of Arms. p. 40. Roll of Karlaverock, &c. p. 41.
SECT. II
[end of page ix and start of page x]
SECTION II.
Causes of hereditary bearings, p. 46. Arms of Welsh families,
p. 48. Tournaments, Tilts, and Hastiludes, p. 49. Jousts and
Duels concerning Arms, p. 78. Dishonorable Bearings, p. 80.
Proceedings by the Earl Marshal, p. 80. Degradations, p. 81.
Concession of Arms by Knights, p. 83. Heralds in England, p. 85.
Habits of Heralds, p. 90. Arms conceded by the King himself, p. 91.
Orders of Precedence, p. 92. Office of Earl Marshal of England,
p. 93. Controversies respecting the right of bearing Arms, p. 93.
Curia militaris or the Court of the Earl Marshal, p. 95. Reign of
Richard 2d, introductory of many novel modes of blazonry, p. 96.
Recapitulation of the subject, p. 99. Seals and Furniture, p. 99.
Coins of this Realm, p. I00. Canopies of State, p. 101. Purses
and Vellum Rolls, p. I02. Monumental Effigies, p. I05. Mosaic
Work, p. I06. Armorial Pavements, p. I08. Personal Armour,
p. I09. Heraldic Figures adumbrated, p. II0. General View of the
Progress of Heraldry, p. 111.
SECTION III.
Of Genealogy, p. II3. First Pedigrees compiled by Ecclesiastics,
p. II4. Quartering of Arms illustrative of Genealogy, p. II5. Ta-
bards and Mantles of Arms, p. II6. Arms of Ecclesiastics and Ec-
clesiastic Communities, p. 117. Marks of Merchants, p. II9.
Rebus, p. 120. Emblazoned tabards, p. 122. Ordinance of
King Henry fifth, p. 124. First Chapter of Heralds held at Rouen,
1420, p. 125.
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1420, p. I25. Changing of ancient Devices, p. I27. Variation of
Arms by collaterals, p. I28. Early system of Heraldry, p. I29.
Perfect and imperfect bearings, p. I30. Marks of filiation and
differences, p. I3I. Arms given to feodal Dependants, p. I32.
Foundation of the College of Heralds at Pulteney's Inn or Cold-Arbore,
p. I34. Incorporation of Heralds, p. I35. Attendance upon Ce-
remonies, p. I40. Fees and Largesses, p. I4I. Creation of Heralds,
p. I50. Progress of the Science. Treatise de Studio militari by Dr.
Nicholas Upton, p. I5I. The "Boke of St. Alban's," p. I53.
Dame Julyan Barnes, p. I57, Visitations of Counties by Heralds,
p. I63. Grants of Arms, p. I70. Analogy between the progress of
gothic Architecture and heraldic Ornament, p. I75. Reign of King
Henry viii. p. I76. Tournament Rolls, p. I79. Herald retained
by Cardinal Wolsey, p. I82. Recapitulation of the usage of bearing
armorial ensigns, p. I83. Trial of Henry Earl of Surrey for as-
suming the arms of Edward Confessor, p. I84. Institution of paro-
chial registers, p. I87. Commissions of Visitation, p. I90. Esco-
cheons upon Buildings and Portraits. View of the Subject to the
colose of the sixteenth century.
SECTION IV.
Literary History of Heraldry during the reigns of Elizabeth and
James, with a Catalogue of Authors. Gerard Legh, p. 20I.
John Bossewell, p. 204. Sir John Ferne, p. 209. William
Wyrley, p. 2I7. Sir William Segar, p. 22I. William Camden,
p. 222.
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p. 222. Francis Thynne, p. 224. William Smith, p. 225. Ralph
Brooke, p. 225. View of the Controversy between Camden and
Brooke, p. 228. Edmond Bolton, p. 240. Thomas Milles, p. 242.
John Guillim, p. 245. Reign of Q. Elizabeth, p. 248. Funeral
Ceremonies and Certificates, p. 250. Tilts and Hastiludes, p. 257.
Impress and Motto, p. 261. Solemnization of the Order of the
Garter, p. 263. Pedigrees, p. 265. Tapestry, p. 266. Juris-
diction of the Earl Marshal's Court, p. 267. Attendance of Heralds
in the King's Household, p. 270.
SECTION V.
Origins of Surnames, p. 273. Reign of Charles 1st, p. 273.
Oliver Cromwell and the Republican party, p. 280. Funeral of
Oliver Cromwell, p. 281. Devices of the Republicans, p. 286.
Restoration of Charles 2d, p. 288. Decline of the Court of Chi-
valry, p. 289. Cases in the Court of Chivalry, p. 295. Degra-
dation, p. 303. Provincial Histories, p. 304. Heralds Visita-
tions, p. 307. Process used at them, p. 309. Heraldry connected
with Architecture, Sculpture and Painting, p. 321.
SECTION VI.
Investiture of Heralds, p. 324. Ceremonial of their Creation,
p. 325. Sir William Dugdale, p. 332. Catalogue of Foreign
Writers upon Heraldry, p. 335. Henry Peacham, p. 340. Sir
Edward Bysshe, p. 341. Edward Waterhouse, p. 342. Thomas
Philipot,
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Philipot, p. 345. Thomas Gore, p. 347. John Gibbon, p. 347,
Francis Sandford, p. 350. Sir John Vanbrugh and Francis Grose,
p. 351, Progress of Heraldry, p. 352. Recommendation of the
Study of Heraldry, p. 353.
SECTION VII.
Genealogy, p. 357. Compilation of Pedigrees, p. 359. Modes
of Marshalling Arms, p. 361. Quartering of Arms, p. 366. Pe-
digree of Verney, and sketches of fictitious genealogy, illustrative of the
rights of quartering, p. 370. Marks of filiation or cadency, p. 379.
Cognizances, p. 382. Cimier or crest, p. 386. Supporters,
p. 389. Impresses and Motto, p. 391. Knots, p. 396. Exami-
nation of Seals, p. 396. Conclusion, p. 400.
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ERRATA.
[snip.............................................................................................................]
APPENDIX. P. 5. For "alson," read,
also. --P. 7. For "to his," read, came to his. --P. 12. For "to Duke," read, to the Duke. --P. 39. Dele the sentence, "Hereupon Mr.
King, &c."--P.44. For "Cell,[sic, quotation not closed. S. U.] read, Zell.--P. 57. After "William Le Neve, Mowbray Herald," insert, Robert Plott, LLD.
APPENDIX
OF
ILLUSTRATIONS.
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CONTENTS
I. LIFE of Sir William Dugdale, Knt. Garter King of Arms, written by himself.
MSS. Ashmole Mus. Oxon, No.7051.
II. Life of Gregory King, Lancaster Herald, from his own manuscript in the Bod-
leian Library, given by the late Richard Rawlinson, LLD.
III. A Catalogue of all the Officers of Arms, from their first establishment to the
present time.
IV. Editions of books published in England on the Science of Heraldry, elementary
or connected with genealogy.
V. A genuine copy of the Book of St. Alban's, first printed in 1486.
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